Biological Principles

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hOEg1U2mMXk

Citations:

Edmund D. Brodie III. 2009. Toxins and venoms. Current Biology Volume 19 (Issue 20): R931-R935. DOI: 10.1016

Rebecca D. Tarvin, Cecilia M. Borghese, Wiebke Sachs, Juan C. Santos, Ying Lu, Lauren A. O’Connell, David C. Cannatella, R. Adron Harris,  Harold H. Zakon. 2017. Interacting amino acid replacements allow poison frogs to evolve epibatidine resistance. Science Volume 357 (Issue 6357): 1261-1266. DOI: 10.1126

Rebecca D. Tarvin, Juan C. Santos, Lauren A. O’Connell, Harold H. Zakon, David C. Cannatella.  2016. Convergent Substitutions in a Sodium Channel Suggest Multiple Origins of Toxin Resistance in Poison Frogs. Molecular Biology and Evolution Volume 33 (Issue 4): 1068–1081. DOI: 10.1093

References:

Belluck, P., McNeil, D. 2017, Sep. 28. The zika virus grew deadlier with a small

mutation, study suggests. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/28/health/zika-mutation-microcephaly.html

Yuan, L., Huang, X., Liu, Z., Zang, F., Zhu, X., Yu, J., . . . Qin, C. 2017. A single

mutation in the prM protein of zika virus contributes to fetal microcephaly. Science, 358(6362): 1-9. doi:10.1126/science.aam7120

Cuevas, E. L., Tong, V. T., Rozo, N., Valencia, D., Pacheco, O., Gilboa, S. M., & … Gomez, R. C. 2016. Preliminary Report of Microcephaly Potentially Associated with Zika Virus Infection During Pregnancy – Colombia, January-November 2016. MMWR: Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report, 65(49): 1409-1413. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6549e1

“Mutation.” Bench to B’more, 1 Mar. 2016, www.benchtobmore.com/ibench/buzzwords-in-science-mutations-the-crazy-world-of-mutants-and-deadly-mutations/.

“Mosquito Image.” Moziru, moziru.com/explore/Drawn%20insect%20malaria/#gal_post_1602_drawn-insect-malaria-4.jpg.

“How Zika Spreads.” Zika Foundation, https://zikafoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Zika-Spread-1in4.png

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iTO6987aBns

Citations

Andrew Pike, Yuemei Dong, Nahid Borhani Dizaji, Anthony Gacita, Emmanuel F. Mongodin,George Dimopoulos. 2017. Changes In Microbiota Caused Genetically Modified Anopheles to Spread In Population. Science 357(6358): 1396-1399. doi: 10.1126/science.aak9691

Minard, Guillaume, Patrick Mavingui, and Claire Valiente Moro. 2013. Diversity and function of bacterial microbiota in the mosquito holobiont. Parasites & Vectors 6: 146. doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-146

Fenton Hall, Anthony S. Fauci. 2009. Malaria Control, Elimination, and Eradication: The Role of the Evolving Biomedical Research Agenda. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 200 (11):1639–1643. doi: 10.1086/646611

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HZ0nJw9uDaE&t=3s